Guava Cultivation Technology and Pest Control: Prevention and Control of Diseases and Pests of Fruit Trees

9. Fruit brown leaf disease (1) Damage symptoms The disease was first discovered on the guava fruit in the Yanpu area of ​​Pingtung, Taiwan in 1986. This disease easily occurs on the upper and lower ends of the fruit, and is often invaded near the flower bud or near the fruit stem. The skin of the fruit causes lesions. The surface of the lesion is dark green to black. The lesions are round, and the small spots expand and merge with each other and become irregular. In the late stage of the lesion, black dots appear in the central part, not in a ring or ring arrangement, the black dots are the handle shells, the endogenous conidia, the conidia are ab two-type spores, all are colored transparent, a spores Spindle-shaped, b-spore-shaped linear shape, slightly soft tissue at the affected site, but not depressed, no discoloration of internal tissues, still white, is the biggest difference with scab, but the internal organization of the lesion edge may The phenomenon of pale brown cork formation was observed, and when it was co-infected with anthrax, it showed anthracnose disease such as water-immersed pulp and pale purple. According to reports in Malaysia, guava fruit can cause ring-shaped rot after plague. Taiwan Province has also reported that ring rot is caused by scab. However, according to the observation of the scene for many years, these phenomena are all incorrect. Such pathogens will cause fruit damage, which is due to the production of calcium deficiency disease in fruits, the formation of cork on the surface of the skin, browning, and then caused by the re-infection of such pathogens. (2) Prevention and control methods Because of the low frequency of this disease, reference may be made to the prevention and control of scab. However, the occurrence of this disease seems to be prone to occur in a relatively low temperature environment. In some areas, especially in low altitude or central areas, the general temperature is slightly lower than in the south. It should be noted whether it will cause greater damage. 10. Guava coke rot (1) Symptoms The disease is often not associated with the fruit. However, once the environmental conditions change, it will cause fruit damage, especially the fruit of the low branch is prone to the disease. When bagging guava fruit, the small fruit is about 3-4 cm in size, and the fruit is lighter, about 10 grams, but the fruit is often more than 150 grams after maturation. The majority of fruit growing together on the same shoot will droop the shoot close to the ground, especially when the lower branch has no fixed support, the bagged fruit will directly contact with the ground due to the increase of weight or close to the ground, and the rain will make the bacteria from the soil. Splashing into the bag causes fruit infection. Sometimes the outer plastic bag is damaged due to friction with the ground, and the bacteria can also be damaged by direct invading. The fruit in the orchard with high branches is less likely to occur. The victim’s fruit will form a brown spot with no obvious edges. The central spot of the lesion will be darker in color and the surface will have hyphae when the humidity is high. The hyphae will initially appear white and the lesions will expand. The hyphae will expand due to high humidity in the bag. (2) Prevention and cure method 1 Avoid leaving too many fruits in the lower position of guava to prevent the branches from sagging, resulting in direct frictional contact between the fruit and the ground. In addition, bamboo can be used to support the branches and prevent the branches from hanging down. When the guava plant is planted at the beginning, the result of selecting and trimming the shoots should consider the level of the result, and avoid fruit damage at low fruit level. 2 In the event of disease in the orchard, the diseased fruit should be removed from the field and the surface of the orchard should be cleaned. If necessary, a fungicide should be sprayed on the low shoots and near the surface to reduce the risk of infection and incidence. 3 The orchard should do a trick to help drain water and reduce the amount of rain splattering the soil near the shoots or leaves when it rains, reducing the incidence. (B) of the physiological diseases 1. Guava lack of knowledge of guava nutritional deficiency, spraying inorganic nutrients can improve fruit quality. Applications such as zinc (0.4%), boron (0.2%) can increase the rate of results, reduce fruit drop and increase yield. Magnesium (0.4%) was sprayed in winter or in the rainy season. Besides increasing the leaf area, the number of flower buds, yield and quality were also increased. In addition, urea (3%) is mixed with boric acid (0.3%) to improve quality. Copper also has a significant effect on growth. Therefore, guava is very sensitive to inorganic nutrients, and it is an important task to improve cultivation management by grasping the time of fertilization. In the hydroponic culture, the symptoms of guava malnutrition were as follows: (1) Nitrogen-deficient plants grew poorly, and the whole plant yellowed from the lower leaves. (2) Purple-pigmented pigments were produced between the veins of mature P-deficit leaves, and plant growth was reduced. -------- (Unfinished) China Agriculture Network Editor

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